evaluating the proposed solutions for the conflicts between validating (ta'adil) and invalidating (jarh) narratoins about younos bin abdorrahmān

younos bin abdorrahmān, is one of the prominent companions of imams. in addition to many validating (ta'adil) narratoins, the invalidating (jarh) ones were also reported in the sources about him. regarding the conflicts between these two groups of narrations, various solutions were proposed by rijāli scholars; such as: - some of the invalidating narrations about him are fabricated;- many of the invalidating narrations about him should be rejected because of their week chains (asnād); - these kind of narrations about him were stated in the conditions of taqiyyah.this article examines various reasons for the differences between the viewpoints about younos with the aim of finding other characteristics to increase the possibility of understanding the position of elder narrators of hadith (mashāyekh) like younos, beside confidence (withāqah), justice (edālah) and scientific eminence. some of these characteristics are:- religious, cultural and scientific atmosphere in which the narratoins were stated; - the relationship between socio-political conditions and a narrator of hadith in particular; - individual and sectarian motives for producing pessimism about a narrator of hadith and invalidating him.